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In this paper， through the collection and collation of ancient materia medica， medical books and medical formulary， combining with modern literature， the historical changes of the name， origin， position， harvesting time， medicinal parts， toxicity， functions and indications， processing methods of Rhododendri Mollis Flos （RMF） were systematically combed and verified， so as to provide reference for clinical application， processing standard and basic research of RMF. According to textual research， RMF is the dried flower of Rhododendron molle. In each historical period， there are many aliases and local names， being with phenomenon of homonyms and synonyms. RMF is mostly wild and planted in a small amount， harvesting time is mostly in March to April. However， the harvesting flowering period is differently described as initial bloom， full bloom and extensive bloom. RMF was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing (《神农本草经》)， but it did not mention its medicinal parts. Then the flowers， fruits， roots are be used as medicine， but flowers are still the main medicinal parts. RMF had a long processing history， included fried， vinegar-fried， wine-fried， steamed， wine-steamed， vinegar-steamed， and many other processing methods in ancient times. However， at present， only raw products are used in clinical practice， and only a few modern books retain the methods of stir-fried and wine-steamed， believing that the processing can reduce toxicity of RMF.
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Liver transplantation is considered the best method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, but its clinical application is limited by the shortage of liver donors, high costs, and immunological rejection. In recent years, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) has shown great prospects in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Recent clinical studies have shown that BMSC therapy is a safe and effective treatment method for liver cirrhosis, but its mechanism remains unclear, and there are various treatment regimens. This article reviews the mechanism of BMSCs in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, route of BMSC delivery, indices for therapeutic effect evaluation, and dose of BMSCs.
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Objective To observe the normal anatomy and variation of cystic duct by MRCP, and to explore the correlation between anatomic variation and gallbladder stones. Methods To have a retrospective analysis of 371 MRCP patients which meet the requirement of imaging, and to compare the differences between anatomic variation and gallbladder stones with normal cystic duct. Results Among 371 patients, 63 had anatomic variations, A among which,22 had compound variations with 85 variation points in total.The percentage of mutation rate was 16.98%. 53 patients with variation of cystic duct had gallbladder stones, and 182 patients without variation of cystic duct had gallbladder stones. Conclusions MRCP can clearly display different variations of cystic duct, and the patients with variation of cystic duct have higher risks in gallbladder stones than the patients without variations.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of peoniflorin in Danggui shaoyao powder,and provide a reference for controlling the quality of the preparation. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Symmetry C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(containing 0.1% phosphoric acid)(14∶86,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 230 nm,column temperature was 20℃,and injection volume was 20μl. RESULTS:The linear range of peoniflo-rin was 10-80 μg/ml(r=0.999 3);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 98.3%-104.9%(RSD=2.0%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and specific,and can be used for the con-tent determination of peoniflorin in Danggui shaoyao powder.
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Paeoniflorin is the main active ingredient of Chinese herbaceous peony. This study is to investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin (Pae) on acute brain damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The mice were randomly assigned to the normal control, model control (LPS), as well as groups of paeoniflorin and lipopolysaccharide (Pae + LPS). Then the mice were administered intraperitioneally with normal saline or Pae (10, 30 mg · kg(-1)) once daily for 6 d. One hour after intrapertioneally treatment on the seventh day, each group were injected LPS (5 mg · kg(-1)) to establish the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide inflammation model except the normal group. The mice were sacrificed after 6 h and the brain homogenates were prepared and measured. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), succinatedehydrogenase (SDH), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase were dectected by the colorimetric method. The levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in subcellular fractions of brain tissue were detected by Western blot. The results demonstrated that the administration with paeoniflorin reduced the levels of the MDA production; significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GSH-PX). In addition, paeoniflorin could enhance the total antioxidant capacity, decrease the level of H2O2, and increase the activities of SDH, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase. Furthermore, paeoniflorin can increase the expression of HO-1 and activate the nuclear transfer of Nrf2. Taking together, these findings suggest that paeoniflorin alleviate the acute inflammation in mice brain damage induced by LPS, which is related with its antioxidant effect and improvement of energy metabolism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Energy Metabolism , Glucosides , Pharmacology , Heme Oxygenase-1 , Genetics , Lipopolysaccharides , Pharmacology , Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Monoterpenes , Pharmacology , Oxidative Stress , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine optimum culture conditions for the seed embryo culture and rapid propagation of Dendrobium candidum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Seed embryos of D. candidum were incubated in the medium containing a combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), potato extract, banana extract and activated carbon in order to induce seed embryo germination, protocorm differentiation, plantlet propagation and plantlet rooting.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>The maximum embryo germination percentage was obtained in the 1/2 MS media supplemented with 20% potato extract. The 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg x L(-1) BA and 0.1 mg x L(-1) NAA was very beneficial to the protocorm differentiation and propagation of D. candidum. The highest protocorm propagation index was obtained from the medium containing the activated carbon. The highest root numbers and length were observed in plants growing in 1/2 MS medium containing 0.5 mg x L(-1) NAA.</p>